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GSS 1972-2021 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3b

arrestever picked up or charged by police
Text of this Question or Item 
239. Were you ever picked up, or charged, by the police, for any 
(other) reason whether or not you were guilty?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 arrest
1
yes		 2
no		 3
refused		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 10.8
156		 89.1
1,288		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
0		 -
59		 100.0
1,504
1974 10.0
148		 90.0
1,328		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
8		 100.0
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 8.7
128		 91.3
1,337		 .0
0		 -
1		 -
0		 -
33		 100.0
1,499
1977 10.4
156		 89.6
1,341		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
33		 100.0
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 12.5
178		 87.4
1,244		 .1
1		 -
3		 -
0		 -
42		 100.0
1,468
1982 12.7
233		 87.3
1,603		 .1
1		 -
1		 -
0		 -
22		 100.0
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 12.8
186		 87.2
1,265		 .0
0		 -
1		 -
0		 -
21		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
0		 -
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 21.3
373		 78.7
1,375		 .0
0		 -
1		 -
220		 -
5		 100.0
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
COL TOTAL 12.6
1,558		 87.4
10,781		 .0
3		 -
7		 -
56,274		 -
223		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
huntdoes r or spouse hunt
Text of this Question or Item 
240a. Do you (or does you [husband/wife]) go hunting?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 hunt
1
yes, respondent does		 2
yes, spouse does		 3
yes, both do		 4
no, neither r nor spouse hunts		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 17.1
261		 8.9
136		 3.2
49		 70.8
1,081		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 14.1
207		 8.5
125		 3.8
55		 73.6
1,078		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 14.1
260		 6.6
122		 2.1
39		 77.2
1,429		 -
0		 -
0		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 14.1
207		 8.5
125		 2.6
38		 74.8
1,097		 -
0		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 15.3
235		 6.0
92		 3.0
46		 75.6
1,158		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470
1987 12.3
223		 6.1
110		 3.0
55		 78.6
1,426		 -
0		 -
0		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 12.2
119		 6.2
61		 1.9
19		 79.6
777		 -
0		 -
504		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 12.0
124		 5.9
61		 3.3
34		 78.7
811		 -
0		 -
504		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 13.9
127		 5.8
53		 2.5
23		 77.8
710		 -
0		 -
455		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 13.3
131		 5.5
54		 2.1
21		 79.1
781		 -
0		 -
524		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 12.9
139		 5.0
54		 1.6
17		 80.4
864		 -
0		 -
531		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 13.0
258		 5.2
104		 2.1
41		 79.8
1,589		 -
0		 -
996		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 13.7
263		 5.1
98		 2.3
44		 78.9
1,516		 -
0		 -
981		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 11.5
215		 5.0
94		 1.5
28		 82.0
1,540		 -
0		 -
950		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 11.6
216		 4.3
79		 1.3
25		 82.8
1,536		 -
0		 -
956		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 14.0
129		 2.6
24		 2.0
18		 81.5
752		 -
1		 -
1,841		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 11.8
106		 4.2
38		 2.7
24		 81.3
729		 -
0		 -
1,914		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 9.6
193		 4.4
88		 1.9
39		 84.0
1,682		 -
1		 -
2,507		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 11.0
149		 4.2
57		 1.6
21		 83.2
1,124		 -
0		 -
671		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 13.0
167		 3.4
44		 1.3
17		 82.2
1,052		 -
0		 -
763		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 11.0
144		 5.5
72		 2.3
30		 81.2
1,062		 -
0		 -
666		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 9.2
157		 3.9
66		 2.3
40		 84.6
1,450		 -
0		 -
824		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 10.3
195		 3.7
69		 2.4
46		 83.6
1,576		 -
1		 -
977		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 10.8
170		 3.9
61		 1.9
30		 83.4
1,312		 -
1		 -
774		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 8.4
338		 3.2
128		 2.0
80		 86.4
3,479		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
7		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 12.1
4,733		 5.1
2,015		 2.2
879		 80.6
31,611		 -
4		 -
29,529		 -
68		 -
7		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
huntothrdoes other household member hunt
Text of this Question or Item 
240b. Does any other member of this household go hunting?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 huntothr
1
yes		 2
no		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 26.2
176		 73.8
497		 -
1		 -
738		 -
118		 100.0
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 20.2
134		 79.8
528		 -
4		 -
782		 -
20		 100.0
1,468
1982 20.1
143		 79.9
568		 -
4		 -
963		 -
182		 100.0
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 21.7
137		 78.3
494		 -
3		 -
778		 -
61		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
0		 -
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
COL TOTAL 22.0
590		 78.0
2,087		 -
12		 -
65,776		 -
381		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z

Media Exposure

newshow often does r read newspaper
Text of this Question or Item 
241. How often do you read the newspaper - every day, a few 
times a week, once a week, less than once a week, or never?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 news
1
every day		 2
a few times a week		 3
once a week		 4
less than once a week		 5
never		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 68.6
1,105		 15.0
241		 7.9
128		 4.3
69		 4.2
68		 -
0		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 65.9
981		 15.8
235		 8.5
126		 5.4
81		 4.4
65		 -
0		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 62.3
952		 16.6
254		 9.7
148		 6.5
100		 4.8
73		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 57.2
874		 20.2
308		 10.1
154		 7.4
113		 5.2
79		 -
0		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 51.8
961		 22.9
425		 11.8
218		 7.4
138		 6.0
112		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 55.7
891		 20.7
331		 10.6
170		 7.9
127		 5.0
80		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 52.7
807		 21.2
324		 12.8
196		 7.6
116		 5.7
87		 -
0		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 53.7
789		 19.7
289		 12.5
184		 7.9
116		 6.1
90		 -
0		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 52.4
949		 21.6
391		 12.8
231		 7.2
130		 6.1
110		 -
0		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 50.6
500		 23.8
235		 11.9
118		 8.8
87		 4.9
48		 -
493		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 50.0
502		 24.7
248		 12.9
130		 7.6
76		 4.9
49		 -
531		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 52.6
488		 22.1
205		 10.8
100		 9.6
89		 4.9
45		 -
444		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 51.4
525		 21.5
220		 13.6
139		 8.5
87		 5.0
51		 -
493		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 46.2
497		 26.2
282		 12.7
136		 8.9
96		 6.0
64		 -
526		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 49.6
969		 23.1
452		 13.4
261		 10.0
196		 3.9
76		 -
1,038		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 42.2
825		 24.3
476		 15.9
311		 11.5
225		 6.1
120		 -
944		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 43.0
805		 22.5
420		 15.7
294		 10.8
202		 8.0
149		 -
961		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 37.3
698		 24.5
459		 14.8
277		 14.8
277		 8.6
162		 -
944		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 40.6
369		 24.1
219		 12.0
109		 13.3
121		 9.9
90		 -
1,857		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 39.5
358		 24.5
222		 14.8
134		 13.4
121		 7.8
71		 -
1,906		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 34.6
945		 22.4
611		 15.3
418		 14.8
404		 12.8
350		 -
1,782		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 32.4
431		 22.6
300		 15.6
207		 15.0
200		 14.4
191		 -
694		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 31.4
449		 19.4
277		 15.0
215		 15.4
220		 18.8
269		 -
614		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 27.1
353		 17.7
230		 15.0
195		 16.7
217		 23.5
306		 -
672		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 24.9
417		 15.5
260		 14.7
246		 16.2
271		 28.7
481		 -
863		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 21.1
398		 14.3
270		 12.1
229		 15.9
300		 36.5
688		 -
980		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 20.0
312		 11.2
174		 11.8
184		 13.5
211		 43.5
678		 -
789		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 23.8
642		 13.4
361		 8.9
240		 16.8
452		 37.1
1,001		 -
1,329		 -
0		 -
7		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 43.2
18,792		 20.0
8,719		 12.6
5,498		 11.1
4,842		 13.0
5,653		 -
25,288		 -
47		 -
7		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
tvhourshours per day watching tv
Text of this Question or Item 
242. On the average day, about how many hours do you personally 
watch television?
Total Cases: 68,846 (Range of valid codes: 0-24)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
radiohrshours per day listening to radio
Text of this Question or Item 
243. Do you ever listen to the radio? a. If yes: on the average, 
about how many hours a day do you usually listen to the radio?
Total Cases: 68,846 (Range of valid codes: 0-24)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
phonedoes r have telephone
Text of this Question or Item 
243. Thank you very much for your time and help. Do you have a 
telephone?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 phone
1
no phone number		 2
refused phone number		 3
home phone		 4
phone elsewhere		 5
phone location not given		 6
cell phone		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 7.7
115		 3.2
48		 87.3
1,302		 1.8
27		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
12		 100.0
1,504
1974 7.9
117		 3.2
48		 86.4
1,277		 1.8
26		 .7
10		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
6		 100.0
1,484
1975 6.9
103		 2.8
41		 83.5
1,243		 2.9
43		 3.9
58		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,490
1976 10.2
153		 3.1
47		 84.9
1,272		 .6
9		 1.2
18		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 8.1
124		 1.6
25		 86.8
1,324		 3.1
47		 .3
5		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
5		 100.0
1,530
1978 5.7
87		 2.0
31		 88.8
1,359		 2.6
40		 .9
14		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
1,532
1980 6.3
92		 1.2
18		 89.8
1,316		 2.2
32		 .5
8		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,468
1982 7.1
131		 2.4
44		 86.8
1,609		 2.0
38		 1.7
32		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
6		 100.0
1,860
1983 5.9
94		 3.6
57		 86.6
1,380		 3.6
58		 .3
4		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
6		 100.0
1,599
1984 6.2
91		 3.0
44		 86.3
1,267		 4.5
66		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
5		 100.0
1,473
1985 4.6
71		 3.3
50		 89.6
1,374		 2.5
38		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
1,534
1986 5.7
84		 1.4
20		 89.9
1,320		 3.0
44		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,470
1987 6.1
111		 2.2
40		 88.4
1,606		 3.3
60		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,819
1988 4.7
70		 2.1
31		 90.3
1,336		 2.8
42		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,481
1989 4.7
72		 2.5
38		 90.0
1,376		 2.8
43		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
8		 100.0
1,537
1990 4.6
63		 1.7
23		 90.9
1,239		 2.8
38		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
9		 100.0
1,372
1991 5.3
79		 2.1
32		 89.8
1,345		 2.8
42		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
19		 100.0
1,517
1993 3.4
55		 1.8
29		 91.4
1,463		 3.4
54		 .0
0		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
5		 100.0
1,606
1994 3.7
111		 1.9
58		 92.4
2,757		 1.9
58		 .0
1		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
7		 100.0
2,992
1996 3.1
89		 2.2
65		 92.0
2,673		 2.6
76		 .0
1		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 4.0
114		 4.0
114		 89.0
2,516		 2.7
77		 .2
5		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
6		 100.0
2,832
2000 3.2
91		 3.3
94		 90.0
2,532		 3.3
93		 .1
4		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
3		 100.0
2,817
2002 .6
17		 4.8
132		 90.3
2,498		 4.2
116		 .1
2		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 1.4
39		 1.4
38		 87.0
2,418		 2.5
70		 .2
5		 7.5
208		 -
0		 -
34		 100.0
2,812
2006 .6
25		 4.2
190		 83.3
3,753		 1.9
85		 .0
0		 10.0
451		 -
0		 -
6		 100.0
4,510
2008 2.6
52		 7.8
157		 77.3
1,556		 1.3
26		 .0
0		 11.0
221		 -
0		 -
11		 100.0
2,023
2010 .9
19		 3.5
71		 57.4
1,172		 4.6
93		 .0
0		 33.6
687		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
2,044
2012 .6
11		 3.5
69		 49.8
984		 4.0
78		 .1
1		 42.1
831		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 .5
12		 2.6
66		 42.4
1,075		 2.7
68		 .0
0		 51.8
1,312		 -
0		 -
5		 100.0
2,538
2016 .7
19		 2.8
80		 35.2
1,010		 3.0
86		 .0
0		 58.3
1,672		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 .6
15		 3.8
89		 30.4
713		 1.5
35		 .0
0		 63.7
1,496		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 17.0
633		 19.1
712		 .0
0		 .0
0		 .0
0		 63.9
2,379		 -
0		 -
308		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 4.4
2,959		 3.9
2,601		 75.0
50,065		 2.6
1,708		 .3
168		 13.9
9,257		 -
1,613		 -
475		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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